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Globalization has been the driving force behind the world economy for two decades. Economic growth, expansion of trade flows, a broad diffusion of wealth, hundreds of millions of people lifted out of poverty - all are testimonies of its impressive success. The world economy has certainly grown much richer, but it is not as homogeneous as it was once expected to become. We are not witnessing the undisputed expansion of pure market forces; rather, we are entering an era of competition among different forms of capitalism.Jacques Mistral is Professor of Economics (CNAM). Head of Economic studies (Ifri), member of Le Cercle des économistes, he has just published La guerre des capitalismes aura lieu (Paris: Perrin. 2008).