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The Roots of a Quarter-Century of Violence Lie to the East of Congo (Kinshasa)

Politique étrangère Articles from Politique Etrangère
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Almost thirty years after the genocide of the Tutsis in Rwanda, the entire region remains unstable. After Paul Kagame came to power, 1.5 million Hutus fled to the Democratic Republic of the Congo. For the Rwandan president, they represented an unacceptable threat. There then followed the First and Second Congo Wars, the consequences of which are still apparent. The recent attacks perpetrated by  the M23 rebels are a new episode in this tragic story.

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Visuel article Braeckman PE4-2022
Corps analyses

Colette Braeckman, a Belgian journalist, was a senior reporter at Le Soir. A specialist in Africa, she has published several works on Rwanda and the Democratic Republic of Congo.

Article published in French only in Politique étrangère, Vol. 87, No. 4, Winter 2022.

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The Axis of Resistance: Iran's Proxies since October 7, 2023

Date de publication
03 December 2024
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The term “Axis of Resistance” refers to the coalition of Iranian proxies in the Middle East. Since Hamas's attack on Israel on October 7, 2023, there has been noticeably greater coordination among these groups, at times without the direct involvement of Tehran. Iraq and Syria are important hubs where members of the Axis meet, exchange ideas, and plan actions. Russia, as part of its continuing struggle against the West, has moved closer to Iran and also to its proxies.

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International Criminal Justice: A Decisive Moment

Date de publication
03 December 2024
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Can international criminal justice be a factor in bringing about peace?

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European Economic Governance: Past Errors and Future Promises

Date de publication
14 December 2021
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The eurozone crisis marked a real failure of European Union (EU) policy, which led to mediocre economic performance and the erosion of its political legitimacy among the populations of member states.

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Europe, Power and Finance

Date de publication
09 July 2021
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Finance has become an essential attribute of power. Its importance has grown given the substantial investments needed for the energy and digital transitions as well as the need to support economies affected by the COVID-19 pandemic.

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