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Rising (Oil-linked) Gas Prices: A Message from Shale Gas

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Rising (oil-linked) gas prices - a message from shale gas
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One benefit that should flow soon from large new sources of shale gas that have been and will be unleashed into world markets - is the realization that gas prices linked to oil prices don’t make sense any more.

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The counterintuitive announcements around Europe these days that gas prices to end users will have to go up - because gas prices are linked to oil prices through some outdated pricing concept - should bring gas consumers out onto European streets. It means that every time another oil producer boils up in social turmoil because its population is fed up with the poor governance of its oil wealth and is out demonstrating on their streets - the price of oil goes up everywhere and so does the price of gas - if they are linked. American gas prices don’t go up because oil does. And in today’s market, LNG prices still only equate to $60 oil.

Those customers who are locked to long term contracts for LNG with its huge infrastructural requirements - Japan, Korea and Taiwan - see their prices go up because their prices are linked to oil through the Japanese Crude Cocktail with its “S Curve” calculation that mutes the impact of oil price hikes… and Europeans who still accept that their prices be linked to oil for reasons that date to the first big gas in Siberia and the North Sea watch their prices go up.

And by the way - the marginal cubic meter of gas is how more and more European kilowatt hours of electricity are priced. In Europe, gas should be competing with coal. But instead Europe’s power prices are hostage to oil. In the power sector, the crucial growing market for gas, oil has almost disappeared, so why should gas be priced in this market against oil?

The long-standing deal with the Norwegians linking gas prices to oil has historical merit. It wasn’t easy to put in the first major components of a European gas system in the hostile waters of the North Sea. So Europeans said - Okay, we’ll provide long term contracts and price stability to encourage you to take on the challenge. It seemed logical to extend the same terms to the Russians who confronted conditions every bit as hostile in Siberia and elsewhere. But times have changed.

Gazprom didn’t use its secure revenue stream to invest in expensive/difficult gas. It has been going around trying to buy back the infrastructure and market presence it lost west of the Russian border when the Soviet Union collapsed. With the exception of Zapolyarnoye, begun before the collapse, Russia has been supplying Europe with gas harvested almost entirely from its legacy infrastructure and wells. All the big difficult projects talked about with such bravado have slipped in time while Gazprom continues to invest downstream or upstream outside Russia. The rationale for slippages now in Schtokman, Bovanenskoye and Yamal projects is that US shale gas has flooded the market. Who knows? Those difficult Russian sources of gas may be just too expensive now.

The only recent really difficult gas plays brought on in Russia have been done by Western companies in such places as Sakhalin and Irkutsk. Once they were in place - Gazprom strong-armed its way into the capital.

So let’s see some genuine cross border competition in European gas markets….that’s the only way customers can be confident that prices are at the lowest level……and such cross border gas movements are incidentally the best precursor to ensuring true European gas “solidarity” and security….but that’s a story for another day. So why do European regulators continue to allow pass through of oil-linked gas prices and why do European consumers still acquiesce in paying these prices?

Beats me.

 

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William C. RAMSAY

Intitulé du poste

Directeur du Centre Energie de l'Ifri de 2008 à 2011, Conseiller de 2012 à 2016

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Climate & Energy
Center for Energy & Climate
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Ifri's Energy and Climate Center carries out activities and research on the geopolitical and geoeconomic issues of energy transitions such as energy security, competitiveness, control of value chains, and acceptability. Specialized in the study of European energy/climate policies as well as energy markets in Europe and around the world, its work also focuses on the energy and climate strategies of major powers such as the United States, China or India. It offers recognized expertise, enriched by international collaborations and events, particularly in Paris and Brussels.

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Can carbon markets make a breakthrough at COP29?

Date de publication
30 October 2024
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Voluntary carbon markets (VCMs) have a strong potential, notably to help bridge the climate finance gap, especially for Africa.

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Taiwan's Energy Supply: The Achilles Heel of National Security

Date de publication
22 October 2024
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Making Taiwan a “dead island” through “a blockade” and “disruption of energy supplies” leading to an “economic collapse.” This is how Colonel Zhang Chi of the People’s Liberation Army and professor at the National Defense University in Beijing described the objective of the Chinese military exercises in May 2024, following the inauguration of Taiwan’s new president, Lai Ching-te. Similar to the exercises that took place after Nancy Pelosi’s visit to Taipei in August 2022, China designated exercise zones facing Taiwan’s main ports, effectively simulating a military embargo on Taiwan. These maneuvers illustrate Beijing’s growing pressure on the island, which it aims to conquer, and push Taiwan to question its resilience capacity.

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India’s Broken Power Economics : Addressing DISCOM Challenges

Date de publication
15 October 2024
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India’s electricity demand is rising at an impressive annual rate of 9%. From 2014 to 2023, the country’s gross domestic product (GDP) surged from 1.95 trillion dollars ($) to $3.2 trillion (constant 2015 US$), and the nation is poised to maintain this upward trajectory, with projected growth rates exceeding 7% in 2024 and 2025.  Correspondingly, peak power demand has soared from 136 gigawatts (GW) in 2014 to 243 GW in 2024, positioning India as the world’s third-largest energy consumer. In the past decade, the country has increased its power generation capacity by a remarkable 190 GW, pushing its total installed capacity beyond 400 GW. 

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The Troubled Reorganization of Critical Raw Materials Value Chains: An Assessment of European De-risking Policies

Date de publication
30 September 2024
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With the demand for critical raw materials set to, at a minimum, double by 2030 in the context of the current energy transition policies, the concentration of critical raw materials (CRM) supplies and, even more, of refining capacities in a handful of countries has become one of the paramount issues in international, bilateral and national discussions. China’s dominant position and successive export controls on critical raw materials (lately, germanium, gallium, rare earths processing technology, graphite, antimony) point to a trend of weaponizing critical dependencies.

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