The promises of the Paris Agreement are far from being fulfilled. The journey to carbon neutrality is complex and requires coordinated action from all involved, across both private and public sectors. The financing promised to poor countries has not come through—in particular for those in Africa, even though the continent is crucial for the entire energy landscape and for global development. Moreover, progress cannot be made on important climate negotiations while ignoring deteriorating relationships between global powers such as the USA and China. There is a climate emergency, but it can only be addressed within broader global geopolitical dynamics.

After Afghanistan, our Counteranalysis section asks: Must NATO’s political basis, purpose, and effectiveness be rethought? Will Russia’s current movements bring it back to its primary purpose: the defense of Europeans in Europe? And what should be done about the Americans’ barely-concealed desire to integrate NATO into a general mobilization against China? The situation might be simpler should the Europeans decide to reckon a little more closely with the risks and threats that surround them: but, ever-creative in generating security institutions that are badly deployed or never used, they remain focused on what divides them. Afghanistan, China, Russia, the Sahel: Will current events provide conclusive arguments?

This issue is available in French only.

CLIMATE: WHICH WAY FORWARD?

Case file directed by Marc-Antoine Eyl-Mazzega and Carole Mathieu

Introduction: An Assessment of COP26, by Carole Mathieu

What Progress on the Paris Agreement on Climate Change?, by Christian de Perthuis (in French only - Où en est l'Accord de Paris sur le climat ?)

How Can Carbon Neutrality be Reached?, by Pierre-Frank Chevet, Guy Maisonnier and François Kalaydjian

Climate Finance for Africa: Burden or Opportunity?, by Jean-Michel Severino

Sino-American Climate Diplomacy, by Kevin Tu (read the article)

AFGHANISTAN: LESSONS FROM FAILURE

NATO in Afghanistan: What Can We Learn?, by Jean-François Bureau

Can the EU Develop its Own Means of Power?, by Tara Varma

CURRENT AFFAIRS

Ethiopia: Civil War Dynamics, by Sonia Le Gouriellec (in French only - Éthiopie : dynamiques de la guerre civile)

Iraq: Unmanageable Diversity, by Adel Bakawan

Boris Johnson: From the Capitoline Hill to the Tarpeian Rock?, by Marie-Claire Considère-Charon

BAROMETERS

A Year on from the Coup: Burma Collapses, by Sophie Boisseau du Rocher

Iran’s Economic Strategy: Between Collapse and Opening Up, by Matthieu Etourneau and Clément Therme

The Worldwide Drug Trade: Another Globalization, by Cyrille P. Coutansais

REFLECTIONS

Europe: Confronting Real Threats, by Anatol Lieven

BOOK REVIEWS

Edited by Marc Hecker

La (re)localisation du monde, by Cyrille P. Coutansais

Crises épidémiques et mondialisation. Des liaisons dangereuses ?, by Gilles Dufrénot and Anne Levasseur-Franceschi

Trade in the 21st Century: Back to the Past?, by Bernard M. Hoekman and Ernesto Zedillo (ed.)

Demain la planète. Quatre scénarios de déglobalisation, by Xavier Ricard Lanata

This review essay is written by Norbert Gaillard