"It’s preferable to engage in frank and assertive dialogue, in which we make our values clear, with our partners" he said in the glittering plenary hall on Tuesday, looking relaxed in a navy blue suit alongside Saudi Energy Minister Khalid Al-Falih. "We see what partnership means when you have a difficult time.”

He later posted the same message to his roughly 8,000 followers on Twitter, alongside a picture of himself with a backdrop that read "Invest Saudi.” That elicited a tweet of thanks from Saudi Aramco, the state oil company.

Pouyanne was perhaps the most senior Western executive to attend what had been dubbed "Davos in the Desert." Many of his peers chose to forgo the conference, held in a convention center alongside the Ritz-Carlton hotel in Riyadh, where scores of senior Saudi officials and businessmen were imprisoned for weeks in 2017. 

The Total CEO went on to sign memorandums of understanding with Aramco that foresee a joint investment of $5 billion in a petrochemicals project in the kingdom, and another collaboration in fuel retail stations. His counterpart at Siemens, Joe Kaeser, had to delay the signing of a power-plant contract that could ultimately be worth as much as $20 billion.

• There’s good reason for the Total CEO to want to keep showing his support for Saudi economic reforms, said Marc-Antoine Eyl-Mazzegga, director of the Center for Energy at the Institut Francais des Relations Internationales. “The transformation of the Saudi economy is in our interest, it’s in the interest of the stability of the region, and in the interest of the climate,” he said.

Pouyanne has taken other bold stances in the Middle East. Total was the first major Western energy company to sign up for a big project in Iran after the U.S. lifted sanctions back in 2016. Although that venture is on ice since President Donald Trump reimposed the restrictions.

Total has successfully navigated enmity between the Gulf Arab states, making big investments in Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates while also maintaining a large business in their political foe Qatar.

When asked at the same conference in Riyadh a year ago why he’s keen to bet on the Middle East, Pouyanne had a disarmingly simple answer: That’s where the oil is.

(Updates with comment from Marc-Antoine Eyl-Mazzegga in seventh paragraph.)

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