Infrastructures
Infrastructure plays a key role in today's international relations: globalization would not have been possible without ports, railroads, roads and airports.
German public investment policy: between debt cap and increasing investment backlog
The German debate about public investment policyfaces a dilemma. The deficits in public infrastructure have grown considerably due to comparatively low investments in recent years. In addition, substantial investments for promising mega-projects, such as the energy transition (“Energiewende”) and broadband expansion are indispensable in a foreseeable future.
China’s Role in Multilateral Economic Institutions, between Revisionism and Status Quo
China, now the world’s second largest economy, is going to play an increasingly substantial role in multilateral economic organizations and mechanisms.
Urbanization and Mobility in China: New Patterns and Intermodal Connections
Chinese cities are getting bigger and are also growing into each other. To ensure that the rapidly increasing number of urban residents have access to adequate transportation not only requires increased investment in transportation, but also careful deliberation to allow an optimal tradeoff between different modes of transport as well as a coordinated approach to land development and transport development.
Oil and Gas Delivery to Europe: An Overview of Existing and Planned Infrastructures. New Edition
The European Union’s hydrocarbon energy supply depends heavily on imports. While the European Commission has recommended diversifying and increasing domestic resources, notably with renewable resources which should grow to 20% by 2020, dependence on hydrocarbon imports will remain not only substantial, but will increase.
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