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Energy - Climate

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In the face of the climate emergency and geopolitical confrontations, how can we reconcile security of supply, competitiveness, accessibility, decarbonization and acceptability? What policies are needed?

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Publications
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Green Recovery for Sub-Saharan Africa: Boosting Sustainable Electrification

Date de publication
25 June 2021
Accroche

If sub-Saharan Africa followed the same model of economic development as the rest of the world, focused on the growth of carbon intensive industries, cities and infrastructures, it would seal the planet's climate future. Africa’s emissions today are among the lowest per capita in the world: 0.8 tons/capita. 

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Can the Biggest Emitters Set Up a Climate Club? A Review of International Carbon Pricing Debates

Date de publication
15 June 2021
Accroche

The world’s largest emitting countries are reconsidering the role of carbon pricing instruments and increasingly looking at carbon border adjustment mechanisms (CBAMs) to address leakage concerns. This renewed momentum should trigger a broader discussion on how to make trade policies compatible with the climate agenda.

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The Economic and Political Consequences of Falling Oil Production in Sub-Saharan Africa by 2030

Date de publication
11 June 2021
Accroche

The sharp rebound in oil prices since the second half of 2020, to nearly $70 per barrel in May 2021, represents only a temporary respite for oil-dependent African economies that must change their economic model very quickly.

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Is the TEN-E Regulation Fit for a Decarbonized Future? A Battle to Shape the European Energy Transition

Date de publication
09 June 2021
Accroche

The European Union’s energy infrastructure policy has become obsolete with the adoption of both the Green Deal and the 2050 climate neutrality target. The ongoing review of the regulation on Trans-European Energy Networks (TEN-E) should lead to an-depth discussion on Europe’s energy transition strategy.

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Denmark: A Case Study for a Climate-Neutral Europe

Date de publication
19 April 2021
Accroche

In recent years, Denmark has steadily emerged as a leader and role model in the global green energy transition. Its greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions since 2010 have been reduced at greater pace than those of the European Union (EU) average. 

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Consequences of the coal phase-out on the electricity production in Germany: a best practice model for Europe?

Date de publication
06 April 2021
Accroche

2020 marked the beginning of the total phasing out of electricity production based on coal, as well as coal extraction in Germany. Laws implemented in 2020 concluded a governmental process started in 2015, which itself resulted from a prior broader debate on the role of coal in a viable and sustainable energy and economic system.

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Addressing the Climate Emergency: Closing 1,000 Gigawatts of Coal Plants by 2035

Date de publication
02 April 2021
Accroche

In order to have any chance of limiting global warming to well below +2°C, there is no choice but to tackle coal-fired power plants head-on, around the world. 

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The US Mineral Independance Strategy : An All-Out Mobilization

Date de publication
31 March 2021
Accroche

The Trump administration has been very actively designing and implementing a new strategy for reliable supply of critical minerals which aims at reducing the country’s vulnerabilities and becoming a leader in this field. 

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The Automotive Industry: The Achilles’ Heel of German Economy?

Date de publication
25 March 2021
Accroche

The global car market has been shrinking since 2018. This is a key economic sector for Germany whose producers belong to the Top 15 carmakers worldwide. Yet they are running the risk of being outclassed and eventually replaced, given emerging actors in the USA and China.

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United States Climate Politics Under Biden: Is the Clean Energy Revolution Under Way?

Date de publication
13 January 2021
Accroche

For most of United States (US) history, environmental issues enjoyed bipartisan support. While Democratic President Johnson signed the Clean Air Act in 1963, Republican President Nixon established the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) in 1970. America’s “environmental decade” culminated under President Carter, with Congress enacting ambitious environmental legislation. 

The Governance of Energy Poverty in Southeastern Europe

Date de publication
30 March 2011
Accroche

This report presents the outcomes of a recently-completed research project1 aimed at uncovering the different ways in which energy poverty – understood as a condition wherein the domestic energy services available to a household are below socially and materially necessitated levels – is produced by, and mitigated through, the interaction of relevant decision-making institutions in the energy, social welfare, health and housing domains. The project focused on conditions in Southeastern Europe, where energy prices have been recently on the rise despite falling incomes and poor access to efficient and adequate energy services. 

The Water in a Cup of Tea - a Water and Energy Primer

Date de publication
29 March 2011
Accroche

Ever give a thought to how much water there is in your cup of tea? I know the volume in the cup is about 8 ounces - but it is hot - hopefully around 100 degrees Celsius or 212 Farenheit. So you had to heat it up one way or another to make tea.

European Energy Policy: Energy Savings Glass 2/3 Empty

Date de publication
22 March 2011
Accroche

Summing up Europe’s climate policies suggests we still haven’t grasped the full potential for energy savings. We act as if we were living in a system with infinite resources easily exploited by human innovation and ingenuity. We focus on the efficiencies we can gain from components of our system, but not on the system as a whole and we do not consider how the other billions of people on earth can achieve our level of comfort with a resource or carbon-constrained future and with aspirations that necessarily imply sharply growing energy consumption.

Japan's Nuclear Crisis: A Time for Support

Date de publication
17 March 2011
Accroche

These are terrifying moments. No one could ever have imagined that the Japanese nuclear sector could fall victim to such a seismic event.

Rising (Oil-linked) Gas Prices: A Message from Shale Gas

Date de publication
15 March 2011
Accroche

One benefit that should flow soon from large new sources of shale gas that have been and will be unleashed into world markets - is the realization that gas prices linked to oil prices don’t make sense any more.

The Effects of Baghdad Politics on Kurdistani Gas Prospects

Date de publication
08 March 2011
Accroche

This paper examines the effects of internal Iraqi politics on the potential for exporting Kurdistani natural gas. It examines Baghdad’s policy with regards to both oil and gas, and predicts what effects it will have on Kurdistan’s gas prospects.

Renewables in Transport: Directive 2009/28/EC - Devils in its Details

Date de publication
10 February 2011
Accroche

This Actuelle precedes a longer and more exhaustive paper on Electric Vehicles, under the title "The Electric Vehicle in the Climate Change Race: Tortoise, Hare or both?" by Maïté de Boncourt.

As part of the 3*20 targets reached in December 2008, the EC decided that the EU should, by 2020, source 20% of its Final Energy Consumption (FEC) renewably. 

Arctic Solutions: The Frozen (Thawing) Relations of the High North

Date de publication
02 February 2011
Accroche

It’s cold, inhospitable and deadly. The image of the Arctic in years past is one of bewilderment, ignorance and awe. How the image of the Arctic has changed in recent years can be directly linked to our recognition that the Arctic has a great deal to offer in meeting the basic needs of future generations. 

EU Council Feb 4: Strength in Unity

Date de publication
01 February 2011
Accroche

Community officials and heads of EU states and governments will meet this Friday February 4, 2011, at a Council called by President Herman VAN ROMPUY, to address energy security. There are many critical topics that could be on the table, but there is some considerable risk that the events in Lebanon, Yemen, Egypt, Tunisia and now Jordan could hijack the agenda. That would be unfortunate, as the problems in those countries are precisely why the Council should stay focused on energy and the growing European vulnerability to what happens in world energy markets.

The Electric Vehicle in the Climate Change Race: Tortoise, Hare or Both?

Date de publication
31 January 2011
Accroche

Europe is seeking ways to decrease the growing negative impact of passenger cars on climate, currently responsible for up to 12% of total EU CO2 emissions. After biofuels in the nineties and hydrogen in 2000, the new answer to climate change appears to be electric. But contrary to many marketing messages, electric cars are not zero emissions cars. They will not necessarily contribute to actual CO2 emission reductions before 2020 and even then, not in every country. 

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Related centers and programs
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Climate & Energy
Center for Energy & Climate
Accroche centre

Ifri's Energy and Climate Center carries out activities and research on the geopolitical and geoeconomic issues of energy transitions such as energy security, competitiveness, control of value chains, and acceptability. Specialized in the study of European energy/climate policies as well as energy markets in Europe and around the world, its work also focuses on the energy and climate strategies of major powers such as the United States, China or India. It offers recognized expertise, enriched by international collaborations and events, particularly in Paris and Brussels.

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